Guidelines for References

• Citing sources at the end of a work – Reference list should be formatted according to instructions of the APA Publication Manual (7th ed.).
• The list of all references should appear at the end of the main document in the alphabetical order of authors.
• Crosscheck whether all references from the reference list are used in the text, and vice versa.
• Use sentence case for the titles of articles, books, reports, webpages, and other works in reference list entries, even if title case was used in the original work.
• Use title case for the titles of periodicals.
• Do not include publisher location in the reference.
• Regarding the format of DOIs and URLs, present both as hyperlinks (i.e., beginning with “http://” or “https://”). Since a hyperlink leads readers directly to the content, it is not necessary to include the words “Retrieved from” or “Accessed from” before a DOI or URL.
• Referenced works should list source elements per the following instructions and examples:

BOOKS

Authored book:

Surname, initial(s) of author. (Year of publication). Title: Subtitle (Edition). Publisher.

Example:

Reisinger, Y., & Turner, L. W. (2003). Cross-cultural behaviour in tourism: Concepts and analysis. Butterworth Heinemann.

Authored book with a DOI:

Surname, initial(s) of author. (Year of publication). Title: Subtitle (Edition). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxx

Example:

Brown, L. S. (2018). Feminist therapy (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000092-000

Edited book:

Surname, initial(s) of editors. (Eds.). (Year of publication). Title: Subtitle (Edition). Publisher.

Example:

Cooper, C., Volo,S, Gartner, W. C., & Scott, N. (Eds.) (2018). The SAGE handbook of tourism management. Sage Publications Ltd.

Edited ebook (e.g., Kindle book) or audiobook with URL:

Surname, initial(s) of editors. (Eds.). (Year of publication). Title: Subtitle (Edition). Publisher. http://xxxx

Example:

Pridham, K. F., Limbo, R., & Schroeder, M. (Eds.). (2018). Guided participation in pediatric nursing practice: Relationship-based teaching and learning with parents, children, and adolescents. Springer Publishing Company. http://a.co/0IAiVgt

Book in another language*:

Surname, initial(s) of author. (Year of publication). Title: Subtitle [Translation of the title and subtitle] (Edition). Publisher.

Example:

Amano, N., & Kondo, H. (2000). Nihongo no goi tokusei [Lexical characteristics of Japanese language] (Vol. 7). Sansei-do.

* If a book is in a different language, include a translation of the book title in square brackets.

ARTICLES AND CHAPTERS

Book chapter:

Author’s surname, initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of chapter: Subtitle. In Editor’s initial(s), surname (Ed.), Title of book: Subtitle (edition, pp. xxx–xxx). Publisher.

Example:

Baggio, R., & Scaglione, M. (2017). Strategic Visitor Flows (SVF) analysis using mobile data. In R. Schegg, & B. Stangl (Eds.), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2017 (pp. 145–157). Springer.

Journal article:

Author’s surname, initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of article: Subtitle. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), xxx–xxx.

Example:

Mikulić, J., & Prebežac, D. (2016). The Kano model in tourism research: A critical note. Annals of Tourism Research, 61, 25–27.

Journal article with a DOI:

Author’s surname, initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of article: Subtitle. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), xxx-xxx. https://doi.org/xxxx

Example:

Liu, C.-H., Chou, S.-F., Gan, B., & Tu, J.-H.; (2015). How "quality" determines customer satisfaction: Evidence from the mystery shoppers’ evaluation. The TQM Journal, 27(5), 576-590. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-01-2013-0004

Journal article without a DOI, with URL:

Author’s surname, initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of article: Subtitle. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), xxx–xxx. http://xxxx

Example:

Ahmann, E., Tuttle, L. J., Saviet, M., & Wright, S. D. (2018). A descriptive review of ADHD coaching research: Implications for college students. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 31(1), 17–39. https://www.ahead.org/professionalresources/publications/jped/archived-jped/jped-volume-31

Journal article, published in another language*:

Author’s surname, initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of article: Subtitle [Translation of the title and subtitle]. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), xxx–xxx.

Example:

Londoño, M. D. P. L., & Medina, F. X. (2018). Turismo y economía colaborativa: El caso de los recorridos gratuitos a pie en Barcelona [Tourism and the collaborative economy: The case of free walking tours in Barcelona]. Cuadernos de Turismo, 41, 323–341.

* If an article is in a different language, include a translation of article title in square brackets.

Conference proceedings contribution:

Author’s surname, initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of chapter: Subtitle. In Editor’s initial(s), surname (Ed.), Title of book: Subtitle (edition, pp. xxx–xxx). Publisher.

Example:

Balsam, K. F., Martell, C. R., Jones, K. P., & Safren, S. A. (2019). Affirmative cognitive behavior therapy with sexual and gender minority people. In G. Y. Iwamasa & P. A. Hays (Eds.), Culturally responsive cognitive behavior therapy: Practice and supervision (2nd ed., pp. 287–314). American Psychological Association.

Newspaper article online:

Author’s surname, initial(s). (Date of publication). Title of article: Subtitle. Title of newspaper. http://xxxx

Example:

McCurry, J., & Safi, M. (2016, January 6). North Korea claims successful hydoren bomb test in ‘self-dence againist US’. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/ jan/06/north-korean-nuclear-test-suspected-as-artificial-earthquake-detected

GROUP AUTHORS, CORPORATE AUTHOR*

Group author(s). (Year of publication). Title: Subtitle. Publisher.

Example:

World Tourism Organization. (2016). UNWTO Annual Report 2016.

* In the reference list entry, do not abbreviate the group author name. Instead, spell out the full name of the group as presented in the source. When the author and publisher are the same, which is often the case for group authors, omit the publisher from the source element.

UNPUBLISHED WORKS

Paper presented at conference (unpublished):

Author’s surname, initial(s). (Date of the meeting). Title of paper: Subtitle [Paper presentation]. Name and number of the meeting, Place, Country.

Example:

Handszuh, H. (2000, November 9–11).Local food in tourism policies [Paper presentation]. The International Conference on Local Food and Tourism, Larnaka, Cyprus.

Unpublished dissertation or thesis:

Surname, initial(s) of author. (Year). Title: Subtitle. Institution.

Example:

Eshun, G. (2011). Ecotourism development in Ghana: A postcolonial study with focus on Boabeng–Fiema Monkey Sanctuary and Kakum National Park [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Leicester.